Tugas 2 Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 2 - Article About Management (Simple Past Tense & Present Perfect)

The Foods and Beverages Merchants in Jabodetabek Lost Their Income Until Rp 200 billion

Bad weather that hit several regions in Indonesia is large enough to impact the food and beverage industry in this country. For only the Jabodetabek area, the floods predicted suppress the turnover to 25 percent.

Chairman of the Food and Beverage Association of Indonesia (Gapmmi). Adhi Lukman explained, a decrease of revenue is due to the difficulty of the distribution of products from the factory to the market because of the flooding block. Thus, it spreads on the decline in consumption. 

As an overall result, Adhi estimated the food and beverage industry in Jabodetabek lost the income until Rp 200 billion per day. “In the normal situation, the income in each day for this region reached USD 800 billion,” he said on Tuesday (01/21/2014).

It is not only the distribution to the consumer, food and beverage manufacturers must also bear the losses due to the distribution of raw materials from the another region which also faltered.

For example, the transportation of fresh fruit and meat from Central Java, currently takes up to four days. Though, it usually takes only a half day. “Whereas within five days, the fresh raw materials will rot in about 50 percent” he said.

            It hasn’t counted yet the losses because the factory could not be operated due to workers who could not get in because of flooding, or because there is no electricity supply due to outages by PLN in some areas.

Despite the losses is in sight, according to Adhi, manufacturers of foods and beverages will not raise their selling prices. Because this problem is only temporary.

Simple Past Tense

Rumus Kalimat Positif:

subject + Kata Kerja Bentuk ke – 2

Rumus Kalimat Negatif :

subject + did + not + Kata Kerja Bentuk ke – 1

Rumus Kalimat Tanya:

Did + subject + Kata Kerja Bentuk ke – 1

Pengecualian: Ketika Predikat suatu kalimat bukan kata kerja, maka pengganti kata kerja tersebut adalah was (I, she, he, it) dan were (we, you, they).

Kapan kita memakai Simple Past Tense?

Kita memakai Tense ini untuk membicarakan tentang satu perbuatan yang terjadi di masa lampau.
Perhatikan contoh kalimat berikut:

+) They were student last year
(mereka pelajar tahun lalu)

-) they were not student last year
(mereka bukan pelajar tahun lalu)

?) were they student last year?
(apakah mereka pelajar tahun lalu?)

Present Perfect Tense

Rumus:

subject + have + past participle (Kata Kerja Bentuk ke-3)
Tense ini digunakan untuk:

• Pengalaman
• Perubahan
• Situasi Yang berkelanjutan

Atau untuk menunjukan suatu peristiwa yang selesai pada waktu yang singkat (baru selesai)
Perhatikan contoh-contoh kalimatnya berikut ini:

+) they have met me
(mereka sudah menemui saya)

?) have they met me?
(apakah mereka sudah menemui saya?

-) they have not met me
( mereka belum menemui saya)

Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Rumus:

subject + have / has + been + K.Kerja + ing
Kita menggunakan Tense ini untuk menjelaskan:

• Satu kejadian/kegiatan yang baru saja berlangsung
• Satu perbuatan yang berlangsung hingga sekarang (pada saat bicara masih terjadi)

Perhatikan contoh kalimat berikut:

+) They have been playing football
(Mereka telah sedang bermain sepakbola)

-) They have not been playing football
(merka telah tidak sedang bermain sepakbola)

?) have they been playing football?
( Apakah merka telah sedang bermain sepakbola?)